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This chapter contains information on configuring routing for IP protocol using the OfficeConnect Remote 840. It is divided into the following sections:
The OfficeConnect Remote 840 can be configured as a router to forward packets between the local LAN interface and one or more Remote Sites.
The router maintains a forwarding table. This table specifies which interface to route an IP packet based on the destination IP address. Entries in the forwarding table are either static or dynamic. Static entries are based on the LAN's and Remote Site's subnet addresses and user configured static routes. Dynamic entries are added when Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is enabled and routes are learned from neighboring routers.
The OfficeConnect Remote 840 does not support OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) protocol.
To configure IP routing, IP must be defined on both the LAN interface and one or more remote sites. On the LAN, an IP network must exist and it must have a specified IP address and subnet mask. On the remote sites, IP routing needs to be enabled, and the remote router address, a remote subnet mask and local WAN interface address need to be configured. The remote site address configuration can be learned dynamically when the remote site connection is established if the network service is PPP, otherwise it has to be specified.
When the OfficeConnect Remote 840 is to be used for IP Routing, forwarding must be enabled in the global IP setting.
Access the IP Screen through Configuration > Global > IP > IP Settings. This screen contains the following fields:
Check the Forwarding box to enable the routing of IP packets.
In addition to Forwarding, the RIP check box is used to enable or disable RIP for all Remote Sites and the local LAN. If RIP is globally disabled, it is disabled for the local LAN and Remote Sites on the OfficeConnect Remote 840. If RIP is globally enabled, it can be enabled or disabled on the local LAN and for each Remote Site.
To configure IP over the LAN, assign an IP network to the LAN port by providing a name and a network address. After adding a network, you can modify advanced parameters.
If you ran the IP Wizard or booted the unit in DHCP Smart Mode, an IP network has already been added over the LAN port. Its name is IP and its address is either entered from the IP Wizard or it is 192.168.200.254. You can view or modify configuration parameters for this network (e.g., Enable RIP).
If you use this IP address for accessing the OfficeConnect Remote 840 Manager, be careful not to delete the network.
For routing to take place across the OfficeConnect Remote 840, you also have to set up a corresponding network over the WAN port (see "Configuring IP for the Remote Site Connection").
Use the Configuration > Local Site (LAN) > IP screen to define or modify all IP networks over the LAN. Note that all IP networks defined over the LAN only support Ethernet II framing.
You may add multiple IP networks over the Ethernet interface by following these steps:
Select Configuration > Local Site (LAN) > IP.
Click Add. This brings up a screen containing the following fields: 
Enter the following information:
By default, RIP is not enabled for this new IP network. If you wish to enable RIP, proceed to the Modify portion of the following section.
Click Add when you have entered these fields. This returns to the IP menu screen.
If you need to return to the original parameters for this screen, click Reset before you click Add.
To modify information pertaining to an existing IP network, or to delete that information from your configuration, follow these steps:
1 . Proceed to the IP screen, following steps from the previous section.
2 . Select an IP network you wish to modify or delete.
3 . Click Modify/Delete.This brings up the IP Modify/Delete screen containing the following fields:
4 . Modify or delete the information about the selected IP network by altering the fields and clicking the Modify/Delete button.
If you alter the address that your browser is using, the connection will be lost. To reconnect, enter the new IP address in your browser's address/location field. If you delete the address, you will also lose the connection. You will not be able to reconnect until a new address is assigned using either the IP Wizard, CLI, or by rebooting in DHCP Smart Mode.
5 . If you need to return to the original parameters for this screen, click Reset before you click Modify.
RIP is utilized as a means of communicating routing information between routers. This is done to keep the routers updated on information.
The RIP options for the LAN can be accessed through Configuration > Local Site > IP. Select a defined local site connection from the list and click Modify/Delete, which accesses the IP Modify/Delete screen, containing the following fields: 
You can then select the RIP version to be either None, RIPV1, or RIPV2. You can also modify the Advanced RIP parameters. You should not need to change any of these parameters from the defaults, but you can if necessary.
Select a local site connection from the list on the main IP screen, and click Advanced.
This brings up a screen containing the following fields: 
1 . You may enter the following fields:
2 . Under the following two categories, you may customize your RIP:
3 . Click Submit when the fields have been entered to save your customizations.
If you need to return to the original parameters for this screen, click Reset before you click Add.
To set up connections over the WAN, a remote site profile must be created and edited for each remote location you want to connect to. With this profile, you specify ATM virtual circuit information, protocols, and addresses that determine the method of connection and communication to that remote site.
You first need to add a remote site profile, then modify the profile to include WAN connection and network information. The following list summarizes the necessary information:
If you need to connect to multiple remote sites (i.e., the Internet and a remote office) you should set up a remote site profile for each location.
The following steps illustrate how you configure the IP parameters of the remote site profile.
These instructions assume you have already added a remote site profile. If you need to add a remote site profile, select Add instead of Modify in step 1.
1 . Access this screen by going to the OfficeConnect Remote 840 home page. Select Configuration > Remote Sites (WAN), and click Modify. This will access the Remote Sites General screen.
2 . Continue clicking Next to advance through the ATM Modify screen to the IP Modify screen.
The following steps illustrate how you configure the remote site IP network information.
1 . Complete the following entries:
2 . In order to have the remote site you are configuring as the default gateway, check the Use Remote as Default Gateway checkbox.
3 . If you are routing IP traffic to multiple remote sites, select one to be your default gateway. Then check this box only in the profile for that remote site.
4 . Select from the pull-down menu to have the RIP set to Broadcast, Listen, or Broadcast & Listen, and if one of these is chosen, set the RIP option to RIPV1 or RIPV2.
If you are using address translation (PAT / NAT), you must set routing to either Listen or None. This is because you have set up a private network and therefore do not want to be broadcasting information to other routers.
5 . Ensure that Enable IP is checked (enabled) and click Modify.
You are now done configuring the basic IP information for the Remote Site Connection.
Further Remote Site IP Configuration information is available in the following sections:
Access the RIP options for the WAN through Configuration > Remote Sites > IP. 
1 . Select a defined remote site connection from the list and click Modify. Keep clicking Next until you advance to the IP Modify screen.
2 . You can select the RIP version to be either Broadcast, Broadcast & Listen, Listen or None. Broadcast refers to when routing information packets are sent out to the network, and Listen refers to the OfficeConnect Remote 840 receiving routing information packets from remote sources.
If you are using address translation (PAT/NAT), you must set routing to either Listen or None. This is because you have set up a private network and therefore do not want to be broadcasting information to other routers.
3 . You can then choose between RIPV1 (version 1) or RIPV2 (version 2) for your routing information protocol.
A Static route is a configured route that will remain in the routing table until deleted. Static routes differ from Dynamic routes in that Dynamic routes are learned real-time via RIP.
A Framed route is much like a static route in that you manually configure the route. The difference is that a static route is defined for the LAN while a framed route is associated with a remote site. Also, while a static route is active when the LAN is connected, a framed route is active only when the connection to the associated remote site is active.
Only use static and framed routes for networks not learned using RIP.
To add, modify, or delete an IP Static route to the LAN, follow these steps:
1 . Select Configuration > Global > IP > Static Routes.
2 . Click the Add button. This accesses a screen containing the following fields:
3 . Define the Route by entering the following fields: Destination (network), Gateway (IP address), Netmask, and Metric. Click Submit. To clear the fields, click Reset.
4 . To delete a route from your configuration, select the route and click Delete.
To add, modify, or delete a Framed Route to a Remote Site, follow these steps:
1 . Select Configuration > Remote Sites (WAN).
2 . Select the remote site to modify, and click Modify.
3 . Continue clicking Next to advance through the ATM Modify and IP Modify screens to the IP Advanced Modify screen.
4 . Click Manage in the Framed Routes box.
5 . Click Add to define the following parameters:
6 . After you have entered the fields, click Submit.
7 . Click Modify to change the fields, the Details button to view the fields, and the Delete button to erase the parameters you have set.
When IP Source Validation is enabled, the source address of all IP frames received from a remote site will be validated. A source address is valid if the OfficeConnect Remote 840 will route an IP frame destined to the source address on the same interface it came in on.
You need to access the IP Advanced Modify screen, by selecting Configuration > Remote Sites, selecting a remote site definition, and click Modify. Then keep clicking Next to advance through the screens until reaching the IP Advanced Modify screen, which contains the following fields:
Check or uncheck the IP Source Validation button to respectively enable or disable the IP source validation.
MAC-Encapsulated Routing combines routing and bridging so that routing features (i.e., Address Translation, DNS Proxy, DHCP Server, etc.) are available in a bridged environment.
There are no specific changes required in the IP routing configuration to support MAC-Encapsulated Routing.
See "Configuring Bridging" for instructions on how to enable MAC-Encapsulated Routing.
The OfficeConnect Remote 840's IP Routing Table is displayed by accessing the following page: Monitor > Routes and Services > IP Routes.
Global IP counters can be displayed through Monitor > Networks > IP > IP Counters. This screen indicates the number of frames received and forwarded or discarded.
The active IP interfaces are shown by accessing the following page: Monitor > Networks > Network Status.
When a Remote Site has been successfully established and IP is configured, an entry will be displayed with the Remote Site Name followed by a '-ip' suffix. The screen display indicates the local LAN (with name ip) and the Remote Site 'Internet' have active IP interfaces. 
You can now run a PING to make sure the OfficeConnect Remote 840 can reach the remote router. You can run the PING by using the OfficeConnect Remote 840 Manager, from MS-DOS on a workstation, or through the Internet.
Testing using the OfficeConnect Remote 840 Manager will test the connection from the OfficeConnect Remote 840 to the network.
The DOS PING will check the connection from your PC through the OfficeConnect Remote 840 SDSL Router to the network.
Open the OfficeConnect Remote 840 Manager and select Tools > Ping. Enter the address you wish to ping, whether it is the ISP or a remote site. Click Submit.
A Ping Response screen will appear, with the response from the ping. The following responses may occur.
The PING was successful.
If a name was entered in the Ping page input field, the corresponding IP address is displayed on the Response page.
A valid IP address or name was entered but the routing table does not indicate how to reach the network that the IP address belongs to.
This means that an ICMP response was received in response to the PING, indicating that the PING failed because the IP address is currently unreachable. This is indicative of a network problem. If the router could not determine where to send the PING request, the PING: no route to host error would have been generated. Since it was not, the router sent the message either to the specific network to which the IP address belongs or to a default gateway. If it was sent to the specific network and the network was learned via RIP, there is probably a temporary network problem. If the network is a static entry in the routing table (entered by the user, for example), it may have been entered incorrectly. If the network is not in the routing table and the PING request went to a default gateway, then it may be that the network is not supposed to be reachable so this is a reasonable result.
The host network is probably reachable but there is no answer from this IP Address. There are a couple of possible explanations for this. The IP Address might not be assigned to any unit. The path from the OfficeConnect Remote 840 to the unit is so slow that the PING response did not get back in the allotted time frame. There may be a temporary break in the path.
The name could not be resolved. Either no DNS server was located or the server(s) did not have the name in the host table list. However, this error will also appear if the user entered an IP address incorrectly - such as 100.100.100.256 (an invalid IP address) so it is interpreted as a name to be resolved by DNS.
No response was received from the DNS server to which the DNS request was sent. This could be due to a network connection problem or a very slow line.
From the a workstation on the local LAN, get to an MS-DOS prompt and type ping <remote IP address> <Enter> where the remote IP address is the address of a host on the remote network (Ex: ping 10.0.0.12). If no address was provided, contact the ISP or the remote site administrator for an IP address to ping.
The OfficeConnect Remote 840 will call the ISP and send the PING information. A reply from 10.0.0.12 indicates success
An example script of a failed ping is:
C:\ping 10.0.0.12
Pinging 10.0.0.12 with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Request timed out.
An example script of a successful ping is:
C:\ping 10.0.0.12
Pinging 10.0.0.12 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 10.0.0.12 bytes=32 time=140ms TTL=240
Reply from 10.0.0.12 bytes=32 time=147ms TTL=240
Reply from 10.0.0.12 bytes=32 time=140ms TTL=240
Reply from 10.0.0.12 bytes=32 time=135ms TTL=240
C:\_
It is not unusual for the first few attempts to time out. If you don't receive a response the first time, try PINGing the router again. If you still don't receive a response, the most likely cause is incorrect routing entries.
If you are connecting to the Internet, start a web browser and enter an address, such as http://www.3com.com. If the 3com web site home page comes up, all is configured correctly and you are on your way!
If the 3Com web site home page does not appear, the problem may be incorrect DNS server addresses on your workstation.
For more detailed troubleshooting information, see "Troubleshooting".